Site
- Site - to Consider
- Zoning
- Setback
- Parking Requirements
- Height limitations
- Relationship to other buildings
- Shading issues
- More in other countries than US at the moment
Architecture
- SF/ Person - 200-400
- Circulation % of building 15%-50%
- Exiting requirements
- 2 separate exit paths (protected) with 20' of exit from room or suite
- Floor to Floor
- 9' in apartments/hotels
- 12-14+ in commercial
Structure
- Depth of Beam in 1/12 of Length
- Ie. Depth in inches = Length in Ft
- This is conservative - often 2/3 to 3/4 of this
- Studio Companion is great Resource
- Design Loads
- Live Loads
- Gravity
- 40#/SF residential
- 80-100#/SF commercial
- 250#/SF+ for storage and other special conditions
- Snow - up to 30#/SF
- Dead Loads
- Lateral Loads
- Live
- Wind - 90mph ~ 28#/SF
- Seismic
- Blast
HVAC
- Duct velocity - 800FPM to 3,000FPM
- Chiller Sizing - 200-400 SF/Ton
- Ventilations - 10-40 CFM/person - depending on activity
- Equest is great resource for first approximation
- Design Temperatures
- Indoor
- 72-78 DegF depending on age, season, culture
- Outdoor
- 14 DegF Winter
- 90 DegF Summer
Electrical
- Typical feeds (in Philadelphia) 13.2KV 3-phase
- Typical in-Bldg voltages
- 480/277 - motors and lights
- 208/120 - Convenience, portable appliances, some lights
- Emergency System
- Range from corridor lights only (2fc -> battery packs)
- 100% backup
- Duplicate feeds from separate substations
- Emergency Generator
- Depends on purpose of building, client desires
- Increasingly will see tied to alternative energy &/or electrical storage (batteries mostly)
Other Systems – Non-Exhaustive list
- Geotech
- Fire Protection
- Stormwater
- Lighting
- Circulation
- Transportation
- Plumbing
- Security
- Telecom
The following may be of assistance in ROUGH approximations.
AE Rules of Thumb – Google Sheet with rules of thumb for several systems
AE Calcs Spreadsheet – Basic Calculations for several systems.
- Note that it’s part of the AE-Resources website – Which may have other useful tools
- It’s in the Excel group of AE Tools
Remember that these are only to give you a rough estimate. They should never be used for actual design.
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